Other roles
┌────────────────────────────────────────┬─────┐
│ Dislocated Predicate │ hı │
│ Coordinative │ hu │
│ Direct propositional coordinationizer │ ña │
│ Inverse propositional coordinationizer │ ñu │
│ Direct eventive coordinationizer │ ñaı │
│ Inverse eventive coordinationizer │ ñao │
│ Direct binary quantifierizer │ ʎa │
│ Inverse binary quantifierizer │ ʎu │
│ Afterthought relativizer │ ʎaı │
│ Echo-Resumptive │ θı │
└────────────────────────────────────────┴─────┘
Dislocated Predicate
The Dislocated Predicate (DP) Role ⟪hı-⟫ is used for displacing a verb stem away from its normal position at the start of the clause, position that must then be occupied by a dummy substitute root, devoid of meaning but nonetheless announcing the valency of the forthcoming dislocated verb. The predicate substitute roots are ⟪-wáʼ⟫ (monovalent), ⟪-ráʼ⟫ (bivalent) and ⟪-káoʼ⟫ (trivalent). The actual predicate of the clause can then be placed anywhere within the same clausal level, and is marked with the Dislocated Predicate Role, as examplified below:
┌───────────────
│ ◆ Aıráʼ cacʰatʼí hınucál.
│ ❖ ASR꞊DUMMY NTR-NTR-DEF:NTR-bird DP-1:ACC-see_stimulus
│ ➥ The bird sees me.
└─
Which means exactly the same as ⟪Aınucal cacʰatʼí⟫.
Echo-Resumptive
The Echo-Resumptive ⟪θı-⟫ prefixes a word base that is a repetition of a base which already occurred in the head of a clause, and it indicates a return to that clause level, specifically the closest clause level headed with this root if there are several ones, with the result that any following complement belongs to that clause level.
┌───────────────
│ ◆ Učʰıneyı̋čal kaočʰıłčʼé, θıyı̋čal saƛwíhaoye.
│ ❖ REC꞊TOP_PN:ERG-1:DAT-√assert ACC꞊DCS꞊TOP_PN:ERG-√is_ill
│ ECHO-√assert LOC꞊NTR-is_yesterday
│ ➥ They told me that they are ill, (they told) yesterday.
└─
In the example above, the speaker wanted to specify in afterthought that the assertion was made the day before, and thus needed to exit the content clause ⟪that they are ill⟫ —lest the claim would become that it was the illness that occurred the day before—, and the Echo-Resumptive allowed them to do so by specifying the verb root of the clause returned to, so as to anchor ⟪yesterday⟫ to the correct clause, the one of the verb ⟪assert⟫. It would be equally valid to use the Post-Subordinative Anchoring ⟪θa꞊⟫ (see the section Anchoring Slot) instead of the Echo-Resumptive, yielding the sentence ⟪Učʰıneyı̋čal kaočʰıłčʼé, θasaƛwíhaoye.⟫. However, the Echo-Resumptive can allow exiting several levels of clause nesting at once, and is therefore more powerful in complex utterances.
Afterthought Relativizer
The Afterthought Relativizer, or Retroactive Cleft, is a special Role that terminates the current clause (even if it is the root clause), binds the proposition described by the clause to the Pendent pronoun, then turn the clause into a pendent-like expression hanging at the beginning of a new clause, whose main verb is the contentive bearing the Afterthought Relativizer Role.
┌───────────────
│ ◆ Aılé tacʰatʼí, ʎaıθınetuyi̋čal.
│ ❖ ASR꞊√is_blue NTR-NTR-DEF:NTR-√bird
│ ATR-you_know_what:ERG-me:DAT-RSM:ACC-√assert_to
│ ➥ The bird was blue, they said to me.
└─
If the Afterthought Relativizer is used on the root clause whose root verb bears non-null Evidentiality, then the scope of the Evidentiality remains that of the clause terminated by the Afterthought Relativizer, as opposed of scoping over the whole sentence. The relation between the Evidentiality and the terminated clause is incidental, non-restrictive.
┌───────────────
│ ◆ Olé tacʰatʼí, ʎaıθınetuyi̋čal.
│ ❖ ASR.RPT꞊√is_blue NTR-NTR-DEF:NTR-√bird
│ ATR-you_know_what:ERG-me:DAT-RSM:ACC-√assert_to
│ ➥ I heard that the bird was blue, that's what they said to me (at least).
└─
Coordinative and Coordinationizers
The direct and inverse coordinationizers can only be applied to binary roots expressing a relation between two propositions, such as logical connective predicates like ⟪-áı⟫, "and". They convert the binary predicate into an afterthought, interposed conjunction, a conjunction placed between the two connectands it governs.
In the case of the direct version, the first connectand goes into the ERG slot and the second one in the ACC slot; with the inverse coordinationizer, it's the other way around. The difference is insignificant if the binary relation is reflexive, i.e. reciprocal.
The propositional versions take two propositions as their arguments; the eventive versions take as arguments events instantiating the propositions, i.e. the physical manifestation of these abstract propositions.
When two noun phrases are conjoined with a conjunction, the two must bear the same noun case. When two verbs in the same clause are conjoined, the second one bears the Coordinative Role ⟪hu-⟫.
A bare Coordinative Role, not preceded by a conjunction word, is a shorthand for a logical AND conjoining two verbs, i.e. with the ⟪ñaʼáı⟫ conjunction left out implicit.
┌───────────────
│ ◆ Ici̋ tacʰakóyu ñaʼáı tacʰaƛúrı.
│ ❖ ASR.SEN꞊√is_one NTR-NTR-DEF:NTR-√dog DPCZ-√and
│ NTR-NTRᵢ-DEF:NTR-√cat
│ ➥ Both the dog and the cat are one/single.
└─
┌───────────────
│ ◆ Ici̋ tacʰakóyu (ñaʼáı) hurú tacʰaƛúrı.
│ ❖ ASR.SEN꞊√is_one NTR-NTRᵢ-DEF:NTR-√dog (DPCZ-√and)
│ COO-√are_two NTR-NTRᵢ-DEF:NTR-√cat
│ ➥ The dog is one, and the cats are two.
└─
┌───────────────
│ ◆ Oθıneyi̋čal kaoci̋ tacʰakóyu (ñaʼáı) hurú tacʰaƛúrı.
│ ❖ ASR.REC꞊EXO:ERG-me:DAT-√assert_to
│ ACC-DCS-√is_one NTR-NTRᵢ-DEF:NTR-√dog (DPCZ-√and)
│ COO-√are_two NTR-NTR-DEF:NTR-√cat
│ ➥ That one said to me that the dog was one and the cats were two.
└─
Quantifierizers
The two binary quantifierizers function in an homologuous manner to the coordinationizers, but instead of constructing conjunctions, they do binary quantifiers instead. A binary quantifier is a word that is placed immediately before a noun (with normal noun case inflection), and it defines the relation between the unary property used to define the noun and the unary property defined by the slot of the verb which the noun goes into. Whereas coordinationizers operate on binary predicates relating two propositions, quantifierizers operate on binary predicates relating two unary properties. Such "quantificational binary predicates" may be examplified by the predicates ⟪[ERG] is a property that is universal among what has property [ACC]⟫ (root ⟪-kú⟫), corresponding to the quantifier "all", "every", in the English language. In the sentence "all cats are mammals" can be reworded as "the property of being a mammal is universal among what has the property of being a cat", "mammalhood is universal among what have cathood".
The Universal Determinacy ⟪-ıw-⟫ and the Existential Determinacy ⟪-uy-⟫ may be regarded as shorthands for a quantifierizer expression.